trust & fraud data

Volume sits on a multi-year ~4–4.5B/month plateau while signed-at-termination coverage rose to a ~49% peak (late 2024) and slid back to the low-to-mid 40s — more signers, flat coverage. Two different vantage points (consumer-app counting vs. carrier-tools signing), so read the directions, not a shared total.

Sources: YouMail (US robocall volume, monthly) · TransNexus (Signed calls at termination, monthly)

Top-tier carriers hold high signed rates; non-top-tier fell every quarter through 2025 — the legacy-TDM gap, quarter by quarter.

Sources: TNS (Top-tier inter-carrier signed %, quarterly) · TNS (Non-top-tier signed %, quarterly)

Total unwanted volume fell across 2025, but high-risk climbed as nuisance dropped — the mix is shifting toward the harmful end.

Sources: TNS (High-risk unwanted calls, quarterly) · TNS (Nuisance unwanted calls, quarterly)

Hiya changes its headline metric and basis year to year (calls-analyzed basis shifts; loss figures vary US-per-country / global / all-victim). Treat as annual markers, not a continuous series.

Sources: Hiya (Calls analyzed (billions), annual) · Hiya (Avg scam loss per victim (USD), annual)

Complaints fell sharply from the 2021 peak to a 2023–24 low, then ticked back up in FY2025 — a demand-side signal (what consumers bother to report) to set against the supply-side volume counts. Fiscal years.

Sources: FTC (Do-Not-Call complaints (all), annual) · FTC (Robocall complaints (DNC), annual)

Two different instruments — FTC counts consumer-reported fraud, IC3 counts all reported internet crime — so the levels aren't comparable, but both point the same way, steeply up. Read the direction, not a shared total.

Sources: FTC (Total reported fraud loss, annual) · FBI IC3 (Total reported cybercrime loss, annual)

Social media leads reported fraud dollars, but phone, website, email and text each carry hundreds of millions — the cross-channel reality in one frame. Phone-call losses rose 2023->2024 even as call authentication rolled out.

Sources: FTC (Fraud loss via social media, annual) · FTC (Fraud loss via website/app, annual) · FTC (Fraud loss via phone call, annual) · FTC (Fraud loss via email, annual) · FTC (Fraud loss via text, annual)

Imposter scams (government / business / relative impersonation) are the FTC category closest to the voice-fraud beat, and they keep grinding upward.

Source: FTC (Imposter-scam loss, annual)

GASA's methodology changes nearly every edition (48-country aggregation 2022; survey-extrapolation 2023-24; tightened, range-framed 2025 at $442B–$1T), so year-to-year swings are largely methodology, not real change. Discrete markers only.

Source: GASA (Global scam loss (estimated), annual)

APWG's quarterly count hovers near a million. The 2026-Q1 point is from APWG's press release (full trends PDF pending).

Source: APWG (Phishing attacks observed, quarterly)

Directly on-beat: telecom sat at ~2–6% of phishing targets through 2024–25, then jumped to 18.7% in Q4 2025 and ~33% in Q1 2026 (per APWG's release) — the biggest sector shift in the series.

Source: APWG (Telecom share of phishing targets, quarterly)

What attackers ask for in a BEC wire swings quarter to quarter (~$42k–$129k) — noisy, but a read on how aggressive the asks are.

Source: APWG (Avg BEC wire-transfer demand, quarterly)

Phishing-domain counts hit a record ~1.5M in the 2025 edition (+38%), and the share maliciously registered (vs. hijacked) climbed into the high 70s — attackers increasingly buy domains wholesale rather than compromise existing ones. Annual May–April windows.

Sources: Interisle (Domains used for phishing, annual) · Interisle (Maliciously-registered phishing domains, annual)

After dipping through 2024, botnet C&C counts jumped in 2025 (H1 +26%, H2 +24%). Spamhaus moved from quarterly to half-year reporting in mid-2024, so periods run H1/H2.

Source: Spamhaus (Botnet C&Cs identified, biannual)

From the 2021 launch to now, Complete STIR/SHAKEN certifications rose from ~12% to ~42% of filers while no-S/S (mitigation-only) fell from ~49% to ~36% — real adoption, though over a third still claim no S/S. Two anchors so far (2021-07 ZipDX snapshot, 2026-06 ours); fills in monthly from here.

Sources: FCC (RMD: Complete STIR/SHAKEN %, monthly) · FCC (RMD: Partial STIR/SHAKEN %, monthly) · FCC (RMD: No STIR/SHAKEN %, monthly)

Filings more than tripled (3,165 → 11,158) since 2021, and foreign-provider filings grew far faster (253 → 2,157) — the database's foreign footprint is expanding disproportionately. Our snapshot of the public bulk CSV.

Sources: FCC (RMD total filings, monthly) · FCC (RMD foreign voice providers, monthly)

Most RMD filers are voice service providers (9,666); intermediate (1,610) and gateway (526) roles are smaller and overlap. Snapshot as of 2026-06.

Sources: FCC (RMD voice service providers, monthly) · FCC (RMD intermediate providers, monthly) · FCC (RMD gateway providers, monthly)

Authorized service providers grew from 74 (2020) to 1,283 (2023) to 1,406 (2024) — the 'who is even allowed to sign' layer beneath the RMD certifications; CAs climbed 8 → 15. Annual STI-GA SHAKEN Report (gaps where a year-end figure wasn't legibly published; no 2025 report yet).

Sources: STI-GA (Authorized SHAKEN service providers, annual) · STI-GA (Approved STI Certification Authorities, annual)

Joining the two FCC databases by FRN: of 6,334 interconnected-VoIP providers in Form 499, 3,002 don't appear in the Robocall Mitigation Database — an apparent compliance gap (some may file under a parent FRN). Only ~56% of RMD filers match a 499 FRN at all. 499 holds 20,506 filers total.

Sources: FCC (Form 499 interconnected-VoIP filers, monthly) · FCC (499 VoIP filers missing from RMD, monthly)